What to Buy Our 7 Picks for At-Home HPV Tests for Parents and Adolescents Get fast, reliable answers from home with these HPV tests By Julia Pelly Julia Pelly Julia is an expert in maternal and child health who has written for NatGeo.com, TIME.com, NYT.com, and more. She also consults with both nonprofit and for-profit organizations in addition to her writing. Learn about our editorial process Published on April 28, 2023 Print We independently evaluate all recommended products and services. If you click on links we provide, we may receive compensation. Learn more. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that impacts nearly everyone at some point in their life. While many strains of HPV are considered low-risk because they tend to clear up without causing symptoms, there are 14 high-risk strains of HPV that can have serious consequences. In fact, about 36,000 cases of cancer are caused by HPV each year. While there’s no cure for HPV, early detection can make a huge difference in your treatment. If you’re not at high risk for cancer, you might consider testing at home. "An at-home HPV test looks for the presence of HPV cells,” just like an in-person HPV test does, says Lindsay Modglin, a Verywell Family subject matter expert who has a decade of nursing experience. Getting tested for HPV every five years starting at age 25 can help you understand your risk—and make sure that you and your partner(s) take appropriate precautions. We looked at over 20 companies that offer at-home STI testing and narrowed down a list of recommended at-home HPV tests based on factors including cost, insurance coverage, ease of use, and lab accreditation. This roundup was written with the help of our subject matter expert and medically reviewed by a physician with expertise in STIs. Read on to learn more about the seven at-home HPV tests that came out on top. Our 7 Picks for At-Home HPV Tests of 2023 For Rapid Results: myLAB Box At-Home HPV Test Kit For Affordable Ongoing Testing: Everlywell Female HPV Test For Combination Testing: Testing.com Total STD Panel Test Kit For Trans and Nonbinary People With a Cervix: TBD Health HPV At-Home Test for Vagina Havers For People With Insurance: Nurx Home HPV Test Kit For Wellness Support: iDNA iBox HPV Test For Ease of Use: Verisana HPV Test for Women Our 7 Picks for At-Home HPV Tests for Parents and Adolescents View All Our 7 Picks for At-Home HPV Tests for Parents and Adolescents Our Top Picks myLAB Box At-Home HPV Test Kit Everlywell Female HPV Test Testing.com Total STD Panel Test Kit TBD Health HPV At-Home Test for Vagina Havers Nurx Home HPV Test Kit iDNA iBox HPV Test Verisana HPV Test for Women See More (4) Compare Our 7 Picks for At-Home HPV Tests How to Choose Key Considerations Frequently Asked Questions Methodology For Rapid Results : myLAB Box At-Home HPV Test Kit myLAB Learn More Key Specs Cost: $89Medical Consultation Required: No Insurance Accepted: NoFSA/HSA Accepted: Yes Pros & Cons Pros Tests all 14 high-risk HPV strains Results in as few as 2 business days Offers free and expedited shipping Company is listed by CDC Secure, HIPAA-compliant site Labs are CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited Free phone consultation is included Cons Does not accept insurance You can’t use this test if you have a penis May take up to 5 business days for results Pricier than some other options Overnight shipping is $45 Must be at least 30 years old to order Doesn’t ship to New York Why We Chose It When you’re concerned about your HPV status, it’s understandable to want test results as fast as possible. The myLAB Box At-Home HPV Test Kit promises results as quickly as two days after the lab has received your samples—and also offers overnight shipping both ways so that you can get answers even faster. At-home testing for HPV with myLAB Box is simple, private, and fast, although you must be over 30 years old and have a cervix to use this test. It’s also reliable, since the company only uses laboratories that are certified in accordance with the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) and accredited by the College of American Pathologists (CAP), the same high standards required of labs that process samples for hospitals and doctors. In fact, myLAB Box is even listed by the CDC as a reputable source of at-home STI screening. At $89, the myLAB Box At-Home HPV Test Kit is more expensive than some other options, and isn’t eligible for insurance coverage. But it detects all 14 high-risk strains of HPV that can lead to cancer if the infection persists: HPV 16, which causes about 50% of all cervical cancer cases around the worldHPV 18, which is likely the cause of an additional 16% of cervical cancersHPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68, which are lumped into one category that you either test “positive” or “negative” for—so you won’t know which one(s) you have The test is not available to ship to New York, due to state regulations around at-home testing. But if you’re in any of the other 49 states, just order your At-Home HPV Test Kit online, choosing your delivery speed: three to five days (included with the kit), one to two days (add $7), or overnight (add $45). Once you get your kit in the mail, register it online using your secure, HIPAA-compliant portal and then use the vaginal swab to collect a sample. Pack it up using the included shipping envelope, and send it to the lab for analysis with the shipping time you selected. Once your results are ready, you’ll receive an email with a link to your results within two to five days, and medical consultations are available if you have any questions about HPV in general or about what your results may mean. For Affordable Ongoing Testing : Everlywell Female HPV Test Everlywell Learn More Key Specs Cost: $49Medical Consultation Required: NoInsurance Accepted: NoFSA/HSA Accepted: Yes Pros & Cons Pros Tests for all 14 high-risk HPV strains Lower subscription cost than other subscription options Subscription lowers the cost of regular testing Easy-to-navigate website and simple subscription sign-up process Labs are CLIA-certified and compliant with HIPAA/HITECH security standards Free standard (or $30 express) shipping Cons Does not accept insurance Takes longer to receive results than with some other companies Does not ship to New York You can’t use this test if you have a penis Frequent subscriptions may not make sense with HPV testing guidelines Why We Chose It Offered by a well-known at-home testing company with a wide range of testing options, the Everlywell Female HPV Test is an affordable way to do regular screenings or to retest after an abnormal HPV test result. For $49, you can get a vaginal swab collection kit sent free to your address—or speed up your delivery by adding on $30 express shipping—as long as you’re over 18, have a cervix, and don’t live in New York. The current guidelines set by the American Cancer Society (ACS) only recommend testing once every five years starting at age 25 if you’re not at high risk for cancer, but if you’ve been advised by a doctor to test more frequently, Everlywell’s semi-annual subscription ($41 per delivery) may be appealing for the 15% discount. While quarterly ($39) and monthly ($36) deliveries are also available, HPV is not the kind of STI that you need to test for so often. Once you’ve received your discreet test kit, register it online, read through the simple instructions on how to collect your vaginal swab sample, then return it using the prepaid shipping label. It’ll arrive at Everlywell’s CLIA-certified lab within a few days using free shipping, or faster if you’ve paid for express shipping. Your personalized, physician-reviewed results will be available in your secure Everlywell portal within five to seven business days of the lab receiving your sample. There, you’ll learn if you have HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 (which is lumped together with type 45 here) specifically—and whether you’re positive for one or more of the 12 other high-risk strains that are tested together as a group. If you’ve tested positive, an Everlywell physician will give you a call to help walk you through the next steps for treatment and follow-up testing. Everlywell does not accept insurance for its test kits, although it does accept many insurance plans for its online STI treatment program (which can provide prescriptions and treatment plans for certain STIs for additional fees). The tests are also eligible for flexible spending account (FSA) and health savings account (HSA) payments. If you’ve been told to test more frequently than current guidelines advise, you might benefit from a subscription with Everlywell. For Combination Testing : Testing.com Total STD Panel Test Kit Testing.com Learn More Key Specs Cost: $349Medical Consultation Required: NoInsurance Accepted: NoFSA/HSA Accepted: Yes (Visa or MasterCard only) Pros & Cons Pros Tests for 10 different STIs (including high-risk HPV) Accepts FSA/ HSA You can take this test if you have a penis or a cervix Lab is CLIA-certified Secure, HIPAA-compliant site Cons Does not accept insurance Expensive May have to call the company to place an order Results take slightly longer than some other companies Does not ship to New York, New Jersey, or Rhode Island Urine HPV tests are not yet FDA-approved Why We Chose It The Testing.com Total STD Panel Test Kit is useful for anyone who is looking for a fuller at-home screening experience. As a bonus, it can be used if you have a penis—in which case, you’ll submit a urine sample instead of a vaginal swab. While only cervical HPV tests have been fully approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), growing evidence suggests urine tests are a reliable way to test for a genital HPV infection. The Total STD Panel Test Kit screens for the following 10 STIs: High-risk HPV (16, 18, and all the remaining high-risk strains as a single category) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV 2) Hepatitis C Syphilis Chlamydia Gonorrhea Trichomoniasis Mycoplasma Ureaplasma Testing.com offers adults 18 and up a number of at-home test kits that range in cost, with the Total STD Panel Test Kit at the high end ($349). But this price includes the test kit, shipping costs, and the digital delivery of your test results. It also includes a complimentary physician consultation, potentially including prescription medication—but only if you’ve tested positive for chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, or herpes. We noticed at the time of writing that the Testing.com product page doesn’t feature an “add to cart” button, but you can easily order this test over the phone, as long as you live in a state other than New York, New Jersey, or Rhode Island. Once your kit arrives in the mail, you’ll provide a finger prick blood sample and either a vaginal swab or a first morning urine sample using the provided materials. Be sure to read the instructions carefully for instructions on how to test correctly, and don’t take vitamin B7 (biotin) supplements 72 hours before testing. After the lab has received your samples in the mail, it usually takes five to six business days to receive your results online securely. For Trans and Nonbinary People With a Cervix : TBD Health HPV At-Home Test for Vagina Havers TBD Health Learn More Key Specs Cost: $79Medical Consultation Required: NoInsurance Accepted: NoFSA/HSA Accepted: Yes Pros & Cons Pros Tests for all 14 high-risk HPV strains Site and test kit use gender-neutral language Includes messaging and telehealth support if desired Offers a discount for subscription Accepts FSA/HSA and can provide superbills Free, discreet shipping Guarantees results in under 7 days from when you ship your sample Labs are CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited Cons Does not accept insurance You can’t use this test if you have a penis Subscription delivered more frequently than HPV testing guidelines call for Does not ship to New York Why We Chose It There’s a lot to love about the TBD Health HPV At-Home Test for Vagina Havers. Not only does it test all 14 high-risk strains at a CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited lab, the test is offered by one of the few companies we looked at that knows that it may induce frustration or even gender dysphoria for people who have a cervix but aren’t women to try to ignore constant terms like “female,” “women,” and “women’s health” when seeking crucial health care like HPV testing. TBD’s gender-inclusive approach on its website and test kits makes the experience much more palatable for the transgender men and nonbinary, genderqueer, and agender people who need to get cervical cancer screenings just as much as cisgender (non-transgender) women do. The company does not provide testing for people with a penis at this time. For a one-time purchase of $79, you’ll get the test kit with its standard vaginal swab and plastic tube, biohazard bags, a prepaid shipping label, as well as a free condom. The cost also includes unlimited messaging and support from the medical team at TBD Health. Whether you have questions about how to test or what your results mean, or you want to talk about what to do with a positive result, it’s easy to talk to a medical provider with TBD. Biannual, quarterly, and monthly subscription discounts are available as well—though as previously stated, testing for HPV more than once a year is likely unnecessary. Insurance isn’t accepted, though you can use your FSA/HSA card to pay, and TBD Health can provide a superbill you can use to try to get out-of-network insurance coverage. TBD Health guarantees that its test kit results will be available on your HIPAA-compliant portal in less than seven days of mailing your sample—likely four days, for the HPV test specifically—or you’ll get a refund, another nice feature. Additionally, your results include a secure link you can use to share with partner(s), and revoke their access at any time. While TBD’s at-home HPV kit is a good option for everyone with a cervix, it is a best fit for people who need a gender-inclusive shopping and testing experience. For People With Insurance : Nurx Home HPV Test Kit Nurx Learn More Key Specs Cost: $49 with insurance ($79 without) + $15 medical consultationMedical Consultation Required: YesInsurance Accepted: YesFSA/HSA Accepted: Yes Pros & Cons Pros Tests for all 14 high-risk HPV strains Accepts insurance and FSA/HSA payments Includes a medical consultation and unlimited access to the Nurx medical team Secure private portal Labs are CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited Cons Does not ship to 15 states or D.C. Insurance doesn’t cover the medical consultation fee You can’t use this test if you have a penis Lab may send you an additional bill or copay Those not using insurance will pay a higher fee Why We Chose It The folks at Nurx believe in empowering people to take charge of their sexual health by offering convenient, insurance-covered testing, medications, and more. While most online HPV testing options are not insurance-eligible, the Nurx Home HPV Test Kit is—and it also offers access to medical care, making it our pick for people with insurance. When you sign up with Nurx, you’ll answer some health questions and pay a $15 medical consultation fee (which you can’t use insurance to cover). This fee and health survey gives you access to the Nurx medical team for one year. After you create your account and answer some health questions, you’ll be able to order your at-home HPV testing kit, which should arrive quickly and discreetly with free shipping. Note: The Nurx Home HPV Test Kit can't ship to D.C. or 15 states, including New York, Alaska, and Hawaii. With insurance, the test kit costs $49; if you don’t have (or don’t want to use) insurance, it’s $79 out of pocket. After taking your sample and sending it back to Nurx’s CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited partner lab, Molecular Testing Labs, for analysis, you’ll receive your results within about a week. You may receive a separate bill for this service, but Nurx notes that Molecular Testing Labs has financial aid available if the fee is higher than you can comfortably afford. Then you can reach back out to the Nurx team if you have any questions at all. For Wellness Support : iDNA iBox HPV Test iDNA Learn More Key Specs Cost: $88Medical Consultation Required: NoInsurance Accepted: NoFSA/HSA Accepted: Yes Pros & Cons Pros Tests for all 14 high-risk HPV strains Offers a membership that includes a variety of wellness options Easy-to-navigate website Simple ordering and return process Labs are CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited Choose from free standard shipping or expedited/overnight options Can take this test if you have a cervix or a penis HIPAA-compliant online portal Cons Does not accept insurance One-time purchase is more expensive than some other companies Urine HPV tests are not yet FDA approved Does not ship to New York Why We Chose It iDNA (short for "I Do Need Answers") offers tests to adults who are seeking one-off individual lab testing and those who want regular lab testing for health conditions ranging from STIs to Vitamin D deficiency, Lyme disease, and celiac disease. The iDNA iBOX HPV Test is a great choice whether you just want to take an at-home HPV test or if you’d like to also add an iDNA membership to your overall individual wellness plan for discounted monthly labs. The lab testing process is similar to other companies: Order online for $88 (not available in New York; FSA-/HSA-eligible but insurance not accepted) and a test kit will arrive quickly and discreetly, containing everything you need to collect and return a testable vaginal swab or urine sample. Once the CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited lab has received your sample, your results will be available to view in your HIPAA-compliant portal in two to seven days. If you choose a Wellness Membership, you’ll have access to one free lab test of your choice each month, a 25% discount on additional tests within the month, and a low-cost telehealth consultation with a physician. A Labs-Only membership (which just includes the free lab test each month plus a lab testing discount) is $25 per month, and a membership that includes telemedicine is $50 per month. For Ease of Use : Verisana HPV Test for Women Verisana Learn More Key Specs Cost: $79Medical Consultation Required: NoInsurance Accepted: NoFSA/HSA Accepted: No Pros & Cons Pros Tests for all 14 high-risk HPV strains Clear, simple instructions No medical consultation required Accepts PayPal and credit/debit cards Free shipping Lab is CLIA certified Secure, encrypted online portal Cons Longest wait time for results Does not accept insurance or FSA/HSA payments No medical support offered post-testing You can’t use this test if you have a penis Does not ship to Maryland, New Jersey, New York, or Rhode Island Site is not HIPAA compliant Why We Chose It Verisana was founded in 2012 with the mission to support people in their journey to improving their health and well-being. The company is committed to helping you select the right tests and take them correctly, and answering all your questions along the way. The Verisana HPV Test for Women offers clear instructions, a printable how-to-guide, and all the support you’ll need to ensure the process is as easy as possible. In addition to having details about HPV, who should test for HPV, and how the test works readily available on its secure (though not HIPAA-compliant) website, Verisana's how-to guide is easy to download and very thorough. With a pictorial how-to and very clearly written instructions, you won’t worry that you’re taking the sample wrong or that you don’t know what you’re doing. The HPV Test for Women costs $79 and includes instructions, collection components, and a bag for free return shipping in addition to the actual laboratory analysis and final report. Free shipping usually takes about five to seven days for your order to be delivered, and you can pay using a credit/debit card or PayPal. Insurance is not accepted, nor is insurance, and due to state regulations, Verisana cannot ship to Maryland, New Jersey, New York, or Rhode Island. After collecting your vaginal swab sample—no urine collection alternative is provided with this test—you’ll follow simple-to-read instructions about how to package and return it to the CLIA-certified lab, after which you can expect your results in three weeks via email. While this is a longer timeline than many other companies, this may not be an issue for those who don’t have an urgent need to know their results or who test on a regular schedule. If you’ve tested positive, you can then share the results with your physician, who can determine the best next steps for you. Compare Our 7 Picks for At-Home HPV Tests Company Cost Medical Consultation Required? Accepts Insurance? Accepts FSA/HSA? myLAB Box At-Home HPV Test Kit For Rapid Results $80 No No Yes Everlywell Female HPV Test For Affordable Ongoing Testing $49 No No Yes Testing.com Total STD Panel Test Kit For Combination Testing $349 No No Yes TBD Health HPV At-Home Test for Vagina Havers For Trans and Nonbinary People With a Cervix $79 No No Yes Nurx Home HPV Test Kit For Insured People $49–$79 (+ $15 medical consultation) Yes Yes Yes iDNA iBox HPV Test For Wellness Support $88 No No No Verisana HPV Test for Women For Ease of Use $79 No No No How to Choose an At-Home HPV Test Testing regularly is an important part of taking charge of your sexual health, because it’s easier to treat or monitor an STI if you catch it early. When selecting the at-home HPV testing kit you will use, there are many important factors for you to consider: Price: Most at-home tests that detect the presence of high-risk HPV strains only cost $60 to $90, with combination test panels running for $200 or more. While some tests may be available as low as $36 with a subscription or membership, ACS guidelines only call for testing every five years (unless you’ve had an abnormal result), and tests aren’t always transferrable to other people, so this option may not be useful for people who aren’t at high risk.Insurance: If insurance coverage is your top priority, you’ll want to choose a brand that’s in network with your insurer. Most at-home lab testing companies do not accept insurance—though some can provide a superbill for you to try to get out-of-network coverage.Medical consultations/support: If you prefer to speak directly with a physician at some point in the process, you’ll want to choose a company that offers (or requires) a consultation, or a feature like access to unlimited messaging with trained healthcare experts.Number of STIs screened: If money’s tight, you may want to opt for a lower-cost kit that only tests for HPV. However, if you can afford a full panel of STI testing, this may be a convenient and cost-effective way to get all your annual screening done at the same time. Wait time for results: The wait time for results once a lab has received your sample can vary from two days to as long as three or more weeks, though this is true whether you’ve taken an at-home or in-person test. If time is of the essence, choose a company that offers expedited or overnight shipping.Accuracy: While false negatives and false positives are always possible, choosing a test with a 99.9% accuracy rate that’s analyzed at a reputable lab with CLIA certification and/or CAP accreditation will help you feel confident about the results you receive. Key Considerations for Choosing an At-Home HPV Test What Is HPV? HPV, or human papillomavirus, is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. It is a group of 200 viruses, of which around 40 can be transmitted sexually and cause warts on the genitals, anus, mouth or throat. While HPV is common and usually resolves on its own without treatment, often without any noticeable symptoms, some strains are linked to cancer. These cancer-linked strains are known as high-risk strains. “HPV doesn’t always lead to cervical cancer, but it does put you at an increased risk,” says Modglin, our subject matter expert. “The virus can also cause genital warts and other health problems that need to be monitored and treated, but many people don’t experience any signs or symptoms of HPV, so regular testing is the only way to catch it early.” Who Should Consider an At-Home HPV Test? If you have a cervix and have ever been sexually active, you should be screened according to the accepted guidelines—regardless of your gender identity, sexuality, or gender/sexuality of your partner(s). “Privacy and convenience are the most commonly cited reasons for using at-home tests—many people have anxiety about visiting the doctor for sexual health examinations and feel more comfortable testing themselves at home,” says Modglin. “At-home tests also provide greater access to care when wait times are long, in-person resources are limited, or when travel is difficult.” If you are uncomfortable being vulnerable in front of a stranger, if you’ve had a traumatic experience that makes gynecological care triggering, or if you have a cervix but are not a woman, an at-home test can help you screen yourself with less anxiety and stress. The FDA has only approved HPV tests that look for infection in the cervix—meaning that HPV testing traditionally hasn’t been available for cis men and trans women who have a penis. However, research has shown that urine HPV detection assays may be sufficient to detect genital HPV infections, so it may turn out that testing urine will become a widely accepted way to gain valuable insight into whether you may be infected, regardless of your external genitalia. What Should You Do If Your At-Home HPV Test Results Come Back Positive? If your HPV test results come back positive, you may experience a range of emotions, including fear and uncertainty. Following up with a healthcare professional, either your doctor or a physician who works with an at-home HPV testing company, can help you understand your diagnosis as well as share information about staying healthy and preventing the spread of HPV. If your sample came back positive for a high-risk strain of HPV, your doctor may talk with you about additional testing and how to keep yourself healthy (and keep your partner[s] safer). Having HPV, even a high-risk strain, does not mean that you are going to get cancer, so be sure to talk with your doctor before worrying too much. Frequently Asked Questions How Does an At-Home HPV Test Work? In-office HPV testing uses a sterile cotton swab to collect fluid and cells from the cervix, and then samples are evaluated by an accredited lab for the presence of high-risk HPV strains. At-home HPV test kits test for the same strains using labs with similarly high standards, but they may require one or more samples using a vaginal swab, a rectal swab, or even a urine sample. Be sure to order the right kind of kit for your anatomy and follow the instructions carefully when collecting your samples. When Should You Use an At-Home HPV Test? According to American Cancer Society guidelines, you should get your first HPV test (whether at home or at a clinic) at age 25, and then get tested every five years until age 65. If you’re pregnant, you should get tested for HPV at your first antenatal visit and again around week 24 of your pregnancy. In terms of general STI testing, the CDC says that sexually active people should be screened for STIs at least once a year (and those with multiple partners should test every three to six months). How Accurate Are At-Home HPV Tests? Lab analysis of self-collected vaginal cell samples from at-home HPV tests has been shown to yield results comparable to those from physician-collected cervical cell samples, and urine testing is gaining popularity as a potentially accurate HPV testing technique. However, it is always possible to receive a false negative or a false positive, so pay close attention to the instructions on how to collect your sample correctly, and always be sure to discuss the results with a doctor or other provider before making changes to your health care plans. Can You Take an At-Home HPV Test Instead of Getting a Pap Test? HPV tests detect the presence of high-risk strains, but only a Pap test (or “Pap smear”) can confirm if (and how much) cellular damage has been caused by a cervical HPV infection. “Pap smears can help diagnose infection, inflammation, and other health conditions that may require prompt treatment,” Modgin says, and takes into account “the overall health of the cervix and vagina.” So get HPV and Pap tests (or get them together, which is called co-testing) as directed. Methodology We researched over 20 companies that offer at-home STI testing in the U.S. to narrow down our list of recommended options for at-home HPV testing. Our research focused on pricing, testing simplicity, results timeline, shipping speed, lab accreditation, insurance and FSA/HSA acceptance, and number of high-risk HPV strains detected. We consulted a subject matter expert, and all medical claims in this roundup were reviewed by a medical expert. d3sign / Getty Images Article Sources Verywell Family uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. National Cancer Institute. HPV and cancer. Fontham ET, Wolf AM, Church TR, et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(5):321-346. doi:10.3322/caac.21628 Meites E, Gee J, Unger E, Markowitz L. Human papillomavirus. In: Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. 14th ed. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021:165-178. Daponte A, Michail G, Daponte A-I, Daponte N, Valasoulis G. Urine HPV in the context of genital and cervical cancer screening—an update of current literature. Cancers. 2021;13(7):1640. doi:10.3390/cancers13071640 Van Keer S, Pattyn J, Tjalma WAA, et al. First-void urine: A potential biomarker source for triage of high-risk human papillomavirus infected women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017;216:1-11. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.06.036 Chilaka VN, Navti OB, Al Beloushi M, Ahmed B, Konje JC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) in pregnancy—an update. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021;264:340-348. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.07.053 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Which STD tests should I get?. Toliman PJ, Kaldor JM, Badman SG, et al. Evaluation of self-collected vaginal specimens for the detection of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and the prediction of high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions in a high-burden, low-resource setting. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25(4):496-503. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.05.025 By Julia Pelly Julia is an expert in maternal and child health who has written for NatGeo.com, TIME.com, NYT.com, and more. She also consults with both nonprofit and for-profit organizations in addition to her writing. Edited by Ray Finch Ray Finch Ray is a health special projects editor on the performance marketing team. Learn about our editorial process See Our Editorial Process Meet Our Review Board Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? Other Helpful Report an Error Submit By clicking “Accept All Cookies”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. 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